In brief
Varicocele is the most common reversible cause of male infertility, occurring in 35-40% of men with primary infertility. The condition causes venous blood pooling, which increases testicular temperature and promotes oxidative stress, which inhibits sperm production. Treatment of varicocele often results in significant improvements in sperm concentration, motility, and DNA integrity.
What is a Varicocele?
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the loose bag of skin that holds your testicles (scrotum). You can think of it as “varicose veins” of the scrotum. They are quite common, affecting about 15% of the general male population.
Common Symptoms
- A Dull Ache: Often described as a feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum.
- Pain that Fluctuates: Pain typically increases with physical exertion or standing for long periods and is relieved when lying down.
- Visible or Feelable Veins: Often described as feeling like a “bag of worms.”
- Size Differences: The affected testicle may appear noticeably smaller (atrophy).
Concerned about symptoms? Schedule your evaluation with a specialist today
Dr. Adam FarkasDirector, Vascular Interventional Radiology Unit and Vascular Anomalies Clinic, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Chair, Israel Society of Interventional Radiology. Updated October 15, 2026.Medically reviewed by Dr. Adam Farkas, MD, October 15, 2026.